OIL TRADING AND EXPLORATION/OIL SPECIFICATIONS

 

US Oil Refineries	Oil Specifications	Russia	Saudi Arabia	Nigeria	Shipping
European Refineries	Other Refineries	Libya	Kuwait	Iraq	China

Bonny Light Oil

Bonny Light oil is a high grade of Nigerian crude oil with high API gravity (low specific gravity), produced in the Niger Delta basin and named after the prolific region around the city of Bonny.

The very low sulphur content of Bonny Light crude makes it a highly desired grade for its low corrosiveness to refinery infrastructure and the lower environmental impact of its byproducts in refinery effluent.

Other grades of Nigerian crude oil are Qua Ibo crude oil, Brass River crude oil, and Forcados crude oil. The Cabinda crude oil is a common grade of crude oil produced in Angola.

Heavy crude oil or Extra Heavy oil

Heavy crude oil or Extra Heavy oil is any type of crude oil which does not flow easily. It is a relative term, compared to light crude oil, but relates to specific technical issues of its own on production, transportation, and refining. Physical properties that distinguish heavy crudes from lighter ones include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as heavier molecular composition. Extra heavy oil from the area north of the Orinoco river in Venezula, which has by far the largest volume of the 30 or more countries with known reserves[1], has a viscosity of over 10,000 centipoise and 10° API specific gravity.[2] Generally a diluent is added at regular distances in a pipeline carrying heavy crude to facilitate its flow.

Some petroleum geologists categorize bitumen from tar sands as extra heavy oil although bitumen does not flow at ambient conditions.

Specification of Heavy Fuel Oil MAZUT M100 (GOST 10585/75)

COMPONENT............................................................... RESULT

Ash content, not more % .................................................... 0.14

Mass fraction of sulphur, not more % - low sulphur residual oil.. 0.8

Temperature of the flash, ^oC in the open crucible ^oC........... 110 Min

The temperature of pour point, not higher ^oC ........................... 25

Kinematics viscosity...................................................... 118 max

Water content, %.................................................................. 0.5

Mechanical impurities, Lower than %...................................... 0.1

Acidity Lower than, mg KOH/ 100ml.......................................... 5

Alkalinity............................................................................... nil

Gross Calorific Value, Kcal/kg / KJ/kg................... 9200/41300 Min

Density at 15.0 ^oC Kg/l ......................................... 0.8800-0.9000

Hydrogen Sulfide Content (H2S) pom ............................. 0.5 max

Carbon Residual, Lower than %................................................ 7

Vanadium (V) ppm............................................................... 123

Aluminium (Al) ppm................................................................. 5

Silikon (Si) ppm..................................................................... 12

Nickel (Ni) ppm...................................................................... 49

Asphaltenes m/m, %............................................................. 3.6

Distillation @................................................................ 4 mm Hg

Extracted to ............................................................ 760 mm Hg

Initial Boiling Point deg. C .................................................... 216

5% recovered deg. C .......................................................... 259

10% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 310

24% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 358

30% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 445

40% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 502

50% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 534

60% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 538

75% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 545

80% recovered deg. C ............................................................. -

95% recovered deg. C ......................................................... 550

End Boiling Point deg. C........................................................ 560

Percent Recovered vol........................................................ 78%

Total Nitrogen m/m........................................................ 0.192%

Sodium (Na) ppm............................................................. 15

     Specifications: GOST 305/82

1.         Density at 20oC, Kg/m3..................................... Max 860

2.         Fraction composition (Distillation):

a.         50% distilled at Co................................ Max 280

b.         96% distilled at Co................................ Max 360

3.         Cetane Index, min............................................... Min 45

4.         Kinematic Viscosity at 20 Co, mm2 (cst)... Min/Max 3.6-6.0

5.         Acidity, mg KON for 100 cm3 of fuel..................... Max 10

6.         Ash Contents %............................................... Max 0.01

7.         Sulfur Contents %.............................................. Max 0.2

8.         Mercaptan Sulfur Contents %............................ Max 0.02

9.         Hydrogen Sulfide Contents...................................... None

10.        Copper Plate Test................................................ Passed

11.        Water Soluble Acids & Alkalis.................................. None

12.        Contents of Mechanical Impurities............................ None

13.        Water Contents...................................................... None

14.        Flash Point Determined in a Closed Cap, 20 Co...... Min. 62

15.        Pour point, Co................................................... Max –10

16.        Turbidity Temperature, Co................................... Max –5

17.        Iodine Number, g/iodine per 100 g of fuel............... Max 5

18.        Actual Resins, mg per 100 cm3 of fuel.................. Max 25

19.        Coking Capability of 10% residue, %................... Max 0.2

20.        Color ASTM ...................................................... Max 2.0

SPECIFICATIONS for Russian Origin Gas Oil 0.2/62 (GOST 305-82)

Kuwaiti Crude Oil

From a chemical composition standpoint, every accumulation of crude oil is unique; its composition is not exactly matched by other accumulations even if they are apparently from the same oil field. Fields are often made up of several unconnected pockets in individual strata or locations. While the specific compositions of crude oils vary from field to field.  The table below shows the general chemical characteristics of Kuwaiti crude oil:

Chemical composition of Kuwaiti crude oil